TIMELINE: Rift deepens between Manila, Beijing
RELATIONS between Manila and Beijing have soured under Philippine President Ferdinand R. Marcos, Jr., with Manila pivoting back towards the United States which supports the Southeast Asian nation in its maritime disputes with China.
Here is a timeline of key events since 2023 that have escalated tensions between the Philippines and China:
JAN. 3-5 — Marcos goes on three-day visit to Beijing where he and Chinese President Xi Jinping agree to set up direct communications between their foreign ministries on the South China Sea.
FEB. 2 — The Philippines grants the United States greater access to four more military bases under the 2014 Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement (EDCA).
FEB. 13-14 — The Philippines accuses China’s coastguard of directing a “military-grade laser” at its troops living aboard an aging warship that Manila deliberately grounded on the disputed Second Thomas Shoal in 1999. Marcos summons China’s ambassador.
APRIL 3 — The Philippines reveals the locations of the four additional bases that Washington can use under EDCA. Three face north towards Taiwan and one is near the disputed Spratly Islands.
APRIL 11 — More than 17,000 Filipino and US soldiers begin their largest ever joint military drills in the Philippines.
APRIL 22 — Marcos and his foreign secretary meet China’s then-foreign minister Qin Gang in Manila, pledging to work together to resolve maritime differences.
MAY 1 — US President Joseph R. Biden welcomes Marcos at the White House, the first visit by a Philippine leader in 10 years. They express “unwavering commitment to freedom of navigation and overflight in the South China Sea.”
MAY 3 — The United States and the Philippines agree on new guidelines for their 1951 Mutual Defense Treaty, which specifically mention that mutual defense commitments would be invoked in an armed attack on either country “anywhere in the South China Sea.”
JUNE 6 — The coast guards of the United States, Japan and the Philippines hold trilateral exercises in the South China Sea, the first such manoeuvres.
AUG. 5 — The Philippines accuses China’s coast guard of blocking and firing a water cannon against a supply boat transporting food for troops on the Second Thomas Shoal, known in China as Renai Reef and in Manila as Ayungin Shoal.
AUG. 7 — China’s coast guard urges the Philippines to remove the grounded warship from the Second Thomas Shoal.
OCT. 22-24 — The Philippines accuses Chinese coastguard vessels of intentionally colliding with its vessels routinely supplying forces stationed at the Second Thomas Shoal. No one was harmed.
NOV. 16 — The Philippines calls on China to remove all “illegal structures” built within its exclusive economic zone (EEZ), cease reclamation in those areas and be accountable for the damage the activities caused.
NOV. 21 — The militaries of the Philippines and the United States launch joint patrols from waters near Taiwan to the South China Sea.
NOV. 25 — The Philippines and Australia begin their first joint sea and air patrols in the South China Sea.
DEC. 9-10 — The Philippines accuses China of firing water cannon at its boats, including one carrying its military chief, and ramming others, causing serious engine damage. China’s coast guard says the Philippine vessel intentionally rammed its ship.
DEC. 19 — Marcos says a “paradigm shift” is needed in how his country approaches the South China Sea, as diplomatic efforts with Beijing were headed in a “poor direction.”
DEC. 21 — China says bilateral relations are at a crossroads and warns the Philippines against “misjudging” the maritime situation.
JAN. 3 — The Philippines and the United States carry out their second joint patrol in the South China Sea as China conducts a similar activity with its naval and air forces in the disputed waterway.
FEB. 9 — The Philippines and the United States conduct joint maritime exercises in the South China Sea for a third time as China carries out “routine patrols” in the area.
FEB. 10 — The Philippine Coast Guard accuses China of “dangerous and blocking” maneuvers while its vessel patrolled near Scarborough Shoal in the South China Sea this month.
MARCH 5 — The Philippines calls out China for its coast guard’s “reckless” and “illegal” actions that led to a collision between a Chinese and Philippine ship, damaging the latter and injuring some of its crew, during a resupply mission for troops at the Second Thomas Shoal. China says the Philippine vessels illegally intruded into waters adjacent to the shoal.
MARCH 6 — The Philippines summons China’s deputy chief of mission in Manila to protest “aggressive actions” by Chinese naval forces against the resupply mission.
MARCH 20 — China says the United States must refrain from “stirring up trouble” or taking sides on the South China Sea issue, after US Secretary of State Antony Blinken said, while on a visit to Manila, a security deal with the Philippines extended to attacks on the Philippine coast guard.
MARCH 24 — China’s coastguard says it had taken measures against Philippine vessels carrying out a resupply mission for troops at the Second Thomas Shoal, while the Philippines decried the moves, including the use of water cannon that damaged its ship and injured its crew, as “irresponsible and provocative.”
MARCH 25 — Philippines summons China’s envoy to protest “aggressive actions” in the South China Sea, as Manila’s Defense minister dared Beijing to bolster its vast sovereignty claims by taking them to international arbitration. — Reuters